Endocrine Abstracts

We present a 50-year-old man who was referred to endocrine clinic with painful gynaecomastia of 3 months duration. He was waiting hip replacement. He had history of a lump in his left breast 9 years ago. He had USS and FNA. He was treated with some tablets for a month and discharged from breast clinic. He had no other past medical history. He worked as a physical trainer to metropolitan police. He did not smoke or drink and was on no medication. He had never used recreational ...

Thyroidectomy is a definitive form of treatment for patients with hyperthyroid Graves’ disease particularly those who are noncompliant with or have serious side effects to the antithyroid drugs, have very large goitres, refuse 131I therapy or, have moderate to severe ophthalmopathy. The risk of perioperative thyroid storm is usually higher following an acute event such as surgery, trauma, or infection. Thus, patients with thyrotoxicosis presenting for surgery should ideal...

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a disorder associated with functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis due to deficiency of pulsatile GnRH. The incidence of FHA ranges from 15 to 48% of all secondary amenorrheas. The abnormal GnRH secretion leads to decreased pulses of gonadotropins, absent midcycle surges in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, absence of normal follicular development, anovulation, and low estradiol (E2). Causes of FHA can be ...

Nerve sheath tumours originate from myelin that surrounds peripheral nerves and include schwannomas and neurofibromas. They can occur sporadically or as part of neurofibromatosis 1 or 2. Very rarely, they have been described to arise from the viscera including the adrenal gland. It is thought that they arise from Schwann cells around nerve fibres that supply the adrenal medulla. These are rather slow growing and non-functioning adrenal tumours that can be found incidentally or...

Phaeochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours with an incidence of 2–8/million persons per year. They occur as a sporadic entity or form part of a complex autosomal dominant familial genetic syndrome, mainly MEN2A, MEN2B, Neurofibromatosis Type1, Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) and mutations in succinyl dehydrogenase. The mean age at diagnosis is in the third decade in the familial cases and the risk of recurrence has been described as high as 23%.<p class="abste...

Meningiomas account for about 1% of sellar masses; they can mimic macroadenomas. Although majority are WHO grade 1 tumours, these are technically challenging due to high vascularity and often present with visual disturbance. Certain radiological features might help to suspect sellar/suprasellar meningiomas. We present two cases sellar meningioma.Case 1: A 48-year-old-female with presumed diagnosis of non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFPA) with mil...

Introduction: Hypothalamic obesity can be associated with multiple co-morbidie and is difficult to treatment\. There is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of currently available treatment for weight loss. We looked at the role of bariatric surgery on weight loss in patients with hypothalamic obesity at St George’s Hospital, London.Methods: Six patients with hypothalamic obesity had bariatric surgery. All patients had associated endocrine de...

Tuberculosis affecting the pituitary gland is a rare phenomenon and is usually the result of haematological spread from another site. Only 0.9% of cases of TB in the UK, in 2012, showed any CNS involvement, excluding meningitis1. The clinical presentation of pituitary TB, range of hormonal dysfunction and radiological features can vary, making it hard to identify the condition. We report two clinical cases seen in our department.Case 1: A 48-y...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses multiple risks to both the mother and foetus. This includes foetal macrosomia and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) due to their metabolic profile are at greater risk of developing GDM and its long-term sequelae. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associations of GDM at St George’s Hospital, with emphasis on women diagnosed with PCOS. The K2 maternal med...

Background: Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) represents a heterogeneous group of conditions and accounts for 85% of cases of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). This can be due to abnormal gland organogenesis which results in thyroid agenesis (35–40% of the cases), thyroid hypoplasia (5%) and thyroid ectopy (30–45%).Causes of CH can be classified into: one. dyshormonogenesis usually associated with goiter, caused by mutations in the genes coding for the pro...